Rubber Raw Materials

Regardless of your level of expertise, it is important as an angler to be familiar with a few different fly fishing knots as well as their special uses. Learning how to tie your own knots is a skill you can learn with practice and gives you the confidence and satisfaction to go beyond the basics.

Tying a blood-knot is a valuable skill for any angler to learn, but it requires a bit of practice to tie this type of knot without special fly fishing tools. The blood knot joins a pair of monofilament lines, yielding a compact knot with excellent tensile strength for a straight fly line. Practicing this knot without fly equipment is very time-consuming but proves to be extremely valuable.

The surgeon-knot is similar in strength to a blood knot. However because it is simpler to tie it is also more bulky, yielding a line that is slightly angled.

So-named because of the needle required for threading the monofilament line, a needle-knot yields a tidy, straight knot characterized by the strong transition between the leader and fly line.

No needle is necessary when tying a nailless-nail-knot. Since this type of knot is tied around the fly line it is unreliable in comparison to a needle-knot. The nail-knot is vulnerable to slippage if the fly line coating detaches.

Finally, the perfection-knot gets its name from its perfectly even and secure loop configuration. A loop-to-loop attachment is handy for attaching fly lines to leaders quickly.

There are more knots that anglers may wish to add to their repertoire; however, these rudimentary fly fishing knots form a solid foundation for any angler to build upon.

Fly fishing knot is a kind of device that you need to take into consideration if you desire to go fly fishing. Thus, if all about the fishing knot and other devices are not done correctly, then your entire fishing trip could fail and be a completely waste of time. The fishing knot is one of the things that most professional fisherman will tell you is the most dominant. Getting it correct denotes understanding the tricks to it and having enough practice time in.

When you first start out trying to obtain the knot properly, you may become disheartened. Nonetheless, you don’t wish that to take over your whole experience. You should never given up and just keep trying since you will in the end get the fly knot just right and be on your way to catching as countless fish as you would like.

For most people, the just way that they can in reality learn the proper fly knot is to learn straight from someone who can already do it with no problem. Not everybody has someone like that around them. On the other hand, that is not the reason that you can’t learn it well.

When You Need Further Aid

If you discover yourself wish to learn a suitable fly fishing knot [fly-fishing-knot/fly-fishing-knot-a-marvelous-guide-to-get-it-right/] but don’t have anyone around you that can aid you, then you should not give up. There are other techniques to learn about it. The Internet is familiar for having plentiful articles on fishing.

If you go with the web, you will never recognize if you will be able to hunt for the precise review anymore.

Climate change has become a frequently discussed issue over the past years, but in the last year there has been more and more discussion about it. The reason for this is that there is scarcely a day which goes by now without there being a major news story about unusual weather patterns.

Just this Summer and Autumn (2007), we have seen floods in the UK, and in the US. Drought in parts of Australia has been even more acute that usual, and Greece and California have experienced massive forest fires. However, by far the most dramatic has been the completely unexpected extent of the melting of the north west passage in the Arctic, and we have all seen the satellite images showing a much shrunken ice cap right across the whole Arctic region.

Global climate change is the single biggest environmental threat facing the planet. Climate change can occur naturally, and many argue that despite the majority scientific view that the cause is human activity, the cause is natural. Others argue that the increase on carbon dioxide in the atmosphere sounds as if it has risen hugely, the actual amount compared with the other gases is still very small. They reason that as it is still a very small proportion of our atmosphere, how could it be having the effect attributed to it?

Nevertheless, despite questions of this sort, the climate change or global warming we have seen does match the rise in human population and activity since the start of the industrial revolution, and it would be a rare man indeed who could deny that. Hence, most of us are beginning to accept global warming as a reality, and furthermore that human caused climate change is a fact.

Climate change impacts will range from affecting agriculture, further endangering food security, sea-level rise and the accelerated erosion of coastal zones, plus increasing intensity of natural weather extremes. The reality of climate change, and mankind’s causal role in the process, are facts that must now be universally accepted.

Increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are likely to further accelerate the rate of climate change. Sadly, it will be the poor, the young, and the weak who will suffer most. Children in developing countries are likely to face the greatest risks from climate change.

Nevertheless, we should not despair. There is much to be done, and much that can be done which will make a difference. The Kyoto Protocol is the international plan to reduce climate change pollution. Europe has led the diplomatic efforts which produced the Kyoto agreement. It is far from perfect but it is the only show in town which can produce change in the developing nations.

Rich countries, like the US and Australia don’t want to take action to stop climate change. That is understandable, as their economies will suffer if it puts heavy extra costs on businesses. It is argued that it is not proven yet that the extra burden will actually yield the degree of improved sustainability our globe will need in order to recover in time to avoid the worst effects. Yet, such sentiments are becoming less common.

Such ideas have been strongest in the US. However, former US vice-president Gore now shares the Nobel peace prize for his work on climate change. An election campaign is starting for George Bush’s successor, and even Bush is mellowing toward active support of climate change alleviation policies.

Across the whole US, local governments are also increasingly addressing climate change with their own solutions, giving much room for optimism.

It was decided at Kyoto that the developed nations would reduce their emissions, and that they would also pay the developing nations to avoid or reduce their rising emissions of carbon dioxide. It was reasoned that the best way to get this to work would be to create a market out of “carbon credits”, the carbon tonnages saved by investment from the west. The market would allow the high carbon emitting companies in the developed nations offset their continued emissions at home by paying for emissions savings overseas. This would have the additional benefit of raising the income of the poorest nations.

The British government, which is convinced that climate change has to be tackled, is leading the United Kingdom in its ambitious self-set targets for emissions reductions. Many other European nations also have similar policies in place. Scandinavian countries are even more advanced in their emissions reductions programmes than the UK.

So, the science is clear: climate change is happening, and it is linked directly to human activity. To bring climate change to a halt, global greenhouse gas emissions must be reduced significantly. But by how much, and how soon must we change our habits?

Many of the temperature data and computer models used to predict climate change are themselves uncertain, but experts now agree that the world needs to react very quickly now, or the problem of control will become exponentially more difficult.

The cost associated with the effects of climate change is projected to increase substantially over time with rising temperatures, and the longer we delay the worse it will be. To state that is simple common sense.

The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) is one of the organisations which is working globally and in the UK to raise awareness about the causes and impacts of climate change and the available solutions. Wildlife organisations stress that biodiversity will be severely affected by climate change and sea-level rise, with an increased risk of extinction of very many species.

For some species however, the climate will be good, but at great human cost. The unobtrusive mosquito’s story illustrates a sobering consequence of climate change. Fewer frosts and generally warmer temperatures will allow the spread of diseases like malaria into more temperate climates. The species best suited to adapting may not be the ones people want to survive.

In general, we can reduce our demands on nature and the tonnages of carbon dioxide emitted by adopting sustainable development. Sustainable development can increase the capacity for adaptation and mitigation, and reduce vulnerability of societies to the impacts of climate change. Humans are already adapting to climate change, and further adaptation efforts will be necessary during coming decades.

New technologies are part of man’s adaptation and are being developed which are ‘green’ and will help reduce or even reverse climate change effects. These technologies will help us to be better stewards of the environment, and they will help us to confront the serious challenge of global climate change.

There is much that can be done to stop catastrophic climate change but decisive action is needed from governments and industry now. Today, action is occurring at every level to reduce, to avoid, and to better understand the risks associated with climate change.

Climate Change for Better or Worse is a web site which was launched to help you understand what climate change is and how you can take action to combat it. Without action, climate change will cause the extinction of countless species and destroy some of the world’s most precious ecosystems, putting millions of people at risk. Diseases, declining crop yields, and natural disasters are just a few of the other impacts of climate change that could follow and devastate the world’s most vulnerable communities.

Delaying emission reduction measures limits the opportunities to achieve low stabilization levels and increases the risk of severe climate change impacts. Please act now to encourage your politicians to take urgent action.

If you hold sympathy with this article, and found it interesting, we are sure that you will enjoy, even more, a visit to our web site. Just continue down this page and follow the link below, and discover how you can take amazing action to make a difference.

Fishing tackle is also known as fishing gear, it is a common term that refers to the paraphernalia utilized by anglers while fishing. Approximately any equipment or gear used for catching fish can be called fishing tackle. Some examples are lures, bait, lines, rods, reels, nets and trawls, downriggers, outriggers, gaffs, harpoons, clevises, floats and traps. A device that is connected to the end of a fishing line, such as hooks, leaders, swivels, sinkers and snaps, is known as terminal tackle.

Bass fishing has average tackle of about 9ft to 10ft fishing rod which would perfectly match a salt resistant Arbor reel if fishing for sea bass. This provides a good balance and strength to the fishing rod. When you go out fishing for bass, you require a lot of line in your reel as a Bass may possibly go off to a distance of about hundred meters from where you are situated after getting hooked.

There are plenty of obtainable alternatives when purchasing line for bass fishing trips. One thing that you should remember is that, you must make sure the line for its knot-making capacity before acquiring any of it. Simultaneously, you must also make certain that the line is flexible enough to react to the fish’s slightest tugs or bite. A good purchase would be a braided fishing line, which guarantees your line will not crack in the middle of a good fight. Braided lines are more durable than other types.

A bass fisherman should be aware about the importance of great bass fishing gear. The gear you use could have a big effect on how successful your bass fishing journey goes. A bass angler should know what type of gear to bring and how to use it. No fishing expedition is absolute without taking along the right equipment to catch fish. There are some tips and guidelines on bass fishing gear to assist you in preparing for your next fishing challenge as mentioned later.

You might need additional gear depending on the category of fishing you are doing and when and where you are fishing. Each fisherman improves his own technique over time and this will settle on the amount and types of bass fishing equipment that you obtain in addition. Considering the significance of dressing properly when going out fishing is very important. The clothing you wear is truly essential as the rest of your bass fishing gear is. Many devoted bass fishermen have fishing vests and fishing hats which they can attach lures to, as well as gear to help battle the elements and as well as being practical utilizing pockets other pieces of equipment.

Of all the kinds of bass fishing gear available, the most essential items for success would be the choice of baits and lures the angler uses. As for baits and lures for bass, there are literally thousands to choose from. All of these normally fall into one of six vital categories which includes, crank baits; spinner baits; top waters; jigs; plastics; live bait. From these, you can select which will function properly in accordance to your requirements at the time, the kind of fish you are fishing for, the setting of the waters and your personal preference.

The majority of bass fishermen obtain a mixture of various types of lures and baits in any fishing activity so they always have what they need at hand. When a bait or lure is not working after you try using it in different ways then you may use the other types which are available. The kind of bait or lure that you may utilize depends on various conditions; for instance the weather, the types of waters you are fishing in, the extent and variety of the bass, the vicinity of the water and more.

If you’re anything like me, then there’s nothing you enjoy more than packing up your fly fishing tackle and heading for a pristine stream to try your luck against the wily trout or salmon. To ensure you have the best chance for success, it’s wise to include an extra reel or two, so you can quickly adapt to changing conditions. The spare reel you choose should be as versatile as possible, and if you’re wondering what I use, read on to learn about the Shimano CAE100 baitcaster reel.

Fly Fishing Tackle: Key Features of the Shimano Caenan CAE100 Baitcaster Reel

Straight out of Shimano’s 2011 fishing tackle catalogue, the Caenan CAE100 reel has all the features we’ve come to expect from this industry-leading company. This an all-new design for Shimano, with a super fast 6.5:1 retrieve ratio, and a 6+1 ball bearing drive. You should know that this reel has a right hand retrieve. The Lo-Mass spool system is aluminium, and 6 shielded stainless steel ball bearings. Another feature I’m partial to is the VBS variable brake system that includes a reduced mass hub. There’s also a Super Stopper and an Assist Stopper. The high density EVA power grips ensure good control during the fight. All in all, this is an excellent piece of flyfishing tackle.

Fly Fishing Tackle: More About the Caenan CAE100 Baitcaster

The impressive list of the CAE100′s features continues with the disengaging level wind system, and the Quickfire II clutch bar. It also has a 1/8 turn easy access attached side plate. When you’re standing hip-deep in a fast flowing stream, you need your fly fishing gear to perform flawlessly, and the CAE100 never disappoints. From the drilled handle shank to the strong ceramic line guide, this is a reel that’s sure to become a favourite in short order. The reel foot is recessed, and the cast control knob is made from a durable metal alloy. The CAE100 is rated for use with monofilament, braided, and fluorocarbon line. It’s also approved for use in saltwater environments. The reel weighs about 200 grams, and will hold 180yd of 8lb test line, 155yd of 10lb test, and 110yd of 14lb test.

Fly Fishing Tackle: Final Thoughts on the Shimano Caenan CAE100 Baitcaster Reel

All the features of the Caenan CAE100 reel converge to allow it to be used to stalk a good variety of fish species, and also with many types of lures, including worms, jigs, spinnerbaits, and crankbaits. Another key feature is the 6 shielded stainless steel ball bearings. I also noticed that Shimano’s Lo-Mass spool delivers easy start up inertia, even with super lightweight baits and lures. The reel weighs about 200 grams, so it’s comfortable for extended duration fishing sessions. This is a good-looking and highly functional piece of tackle that I’m certain will give me years of trouble-free service.

I’m pleased to recommend the Shimano Caenan CAE100 baitcaster reel as a superior piece of fly fishing tackle.

Why Are Trees So Important?

The Tree is the Lifegiver

Trees are the highest form of life on our planet. How do they live in the Light? They serve as our connector between the Light of the Sun and the strength of the Earth Itself. The tree reaches its trunk and its light energizing leaves into the sky. It pulls down the light with its cells in an excited state of exultation. How does the tree serve as the energy bridge between all life on Earth and the cosmos? The Tree Is The Bridge Of Energy!

The tree is the bridge of energy. The leaves of trees, reaching into the skies, pull down the light of the Sun, our only source of life on Earth. Within its leaves, cells receive the light of the Sun. A special molecule called chlorophyll experiences an exultation by the Light. Molecules of chlorophyll have their electrons excited. In the leaf the electrons surrounding the atom are moved into a higher plane of existence for a moment – an excited state.

The Excited State – The Basis Of Life On Earth

This moment of excitement or exultation is extremely short, but it is being experienced by thousands of leaves at the same time. The electron then drops down to its proper orbit. But when it drops back, all the energy, all of life on Earth, is renewed. This energy is released when the electron drops back to drive the process of photosynthesis or the generation of food from carbon dioxide and water. So this excitement or exultation creates all food on the earth. The tree produces food in its leaves and through its circulatory system, carries this food down to its roots.

The Roots Ground The Truth And Connect It To The Earth’s Own Energy Flow
Ah! roots – The roots are the force that binds the Light to our Earth. Through the living conduit of the tree, Light is brought down from the leaves, is stabilized and anchored to our Earth. This incredible feat of creating the food we animals digest is the most important

The Problem Of Forest Destruction

I have spent my entire life watching great trees being destroyed by Exploiters. First when I was 8 years old, the Crossett Lumber company used decided to gain control of hundreds of acres of my family’s land in Arkansas. They went over this land, and girdled thousands of oak tress, many over 500 years old. They didn’t even use them. They just girdled them. Eventually they burned them adding to carbon emissions.

Two years ago in Arkansas, they logged this land again. They used skidders in the rain, making ruts 4 to five feet deep. I had to leave Arkansas because I was photographing this desecration, planning to expose this desecration of the land and the trees. The hard disk on which these photographs was being kept was stolen from a safety deposit box. The forest despoilers have deep pockets and can buy anyone.

I am happy that here in Your community I can join in the active movement to replant lands that are deforested and have become useless. There are millions of acres in the tropics that can be replanted to trees. Land standing idle, covered with useless grasses, devastated lands. lands where soil erosion has taken away all the topsoil. Topsoil can be rebuilt. Tree can be replanted. And we can renew the lungs of our planets. And since the air in the world is in global circulation, planting a tree in Brazil can affect the weather in Your community. The world is one.

The Problem Of Carbon Emissions

Every time you breathe, eat, use your car, use any product manufactured in a factory you are emitting carbon dioxide into the air. You re contributing to greenhouse gases and global warming. As an American you put 25 to thirty tons of carbon ANNUALLY into the atmosphere, the largest percent of any nation in the world. You owe a tremendous carbon debt.

But your carbon debt is not just the CO2 you give off when you breathe. It’s your share of the carbon emissions into the atmosphere when:

oyou operate your care
oyou use electricity generated by utilities
owhen you use heavy equipment when you ride on road produced by heavy equipment
owhen you use your hot water heater, your iron, your VCR, your computer, all your household appliances
oUse public services such as municipal water, street clears, garbage pickup all government vehicles
oAny product you use has been grown with the use of tractors, shipped by trucks or train or boat
oAny product placed in the stores, with workers who are emitting carbon into the air
oany food or other items produce din a processing plant, the packaging plant the forests cut down to provide the paper, the pulp and paper mills
oThe company that produced the shelving in the store

ALL OF THESE GAVE OFF CARBON EMISSIONS

and let’s not forget the trash carryout, the landfills giving off methane gas as the result of your waste. Your share of these carbon emission in the US is what generated most of the carbon emission on our planet that are causing Global warming, Every American is probably putting into the environment a total of 25-40 tons of carbon per year.Because each American is probably putting 30 plus tons of carbon into our planets atmosphere in the US we need to take responsibility for paying this carbon debt. Tree planting, as well as lowering our energy use are ways we can effect this. And of course we can plant trees

WHAT YOU CAN DO TO CLEANSE AND PRESERVE YOUR LOCAL S ENVIRONMENT

oPlant More Indoor Plants
oPlant Trees And Shrubs In Our Yards
oUse Ecofriendly Cleansing Products, To Avoid Putting Toxic Wastes In Our Water Supply.
oUse Ecofriendly Products, To Prevent The Toxic Residues From Touching Our Children’s Hands And Then Having Them Put Them In The Children Mouths
oClean Our Floors With Nontoxic Cleanses To Prevent Our Children And Pets From Being Exposed To Toxic Fumes And Residues
oUse Ecofriendly Cleansing Products To Prevent The Release Of Toxic Fumes
oUse Products That Are Biodegradable, To Lower Our Landfill Burden.
oSponsor Trees To Be Planted In A Tropical Country, To Help Halt Global Warming.
oShare This Information With A Family Member, A Friend Or Group To Enable Someone We Care For To Be Made More Safe.
oDo Everything We Can In Homes, Our Yards, Our Communities To Combat The Buildup Of Greenhouse Gases And The Subsequent Global Warming.
oDo Not Burn Leaves Or Send Them To The Landfill. Compost Them To Fertilize Your Yard
oLower Your Personal Carbon Emissions By Conserving Energy And Automobile Use
oUse Water Conserving Landscaping Systems
oUse Environmentally Sound Air Filters
oChange Air Filters In Your Home Often And Dispose Of Safely
oUse Water Filters Attached To Your Water System Instead Of Buying Bottled Water. If You Must Buy Bottled Water, Use Larger Containers And Refill Small Containers From The Larger One
oUse Only Natural Perfumes Made From Organic Essential Oils
oUse Shade Grown Coffee Instead Of Sun Grown
oUse Tree Free Paper Instead Of Tree Based Paper
oUse Full Specturm Lights And Lighting System
oUse Natural Pet Care Products
oGrow And Use Organic Vegetables
oUse Natural Cosmetics That Were Not Tested On Animals Or Made With Petroleum Solvents
oUse Organic Cottons And Other Antural Fiber Based Fibers
oUse Colored Cottons,
oUse Natural Herbs

SOME OTHER IDEAS FOR PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT

oPurchase as many cloth or mesh bags as you normally use to get groceries. Keep them in your car. Take them with you to grocery stores, convenience stores, the mall, etc. Do not accept a paper or plastic bag.
oNever ever use Styrofoam – purchase glass or plastic dishware and wash them by hand and carry your own drink cup for beverages.
oUse both sides of every sheet of paper – use the back of envelopes for phone messages – cut up one sided letters for scratch paper
oInvest in resealable containers for storing leftovers. Avoid the use of disposable wrappers and storage bags.
oIf you must use them, wash and reuse all plastic storage bags, just like you would wash your dishes
oUse the air dryer instead of paper towels in restrooms and cut down on the length of paper towels that you use, if no air dryers are available
oRecycle -recycle-recycle
oLimit air conditioners ruse to the hottest days
oUse cloth diapers
oEncourage adoption
oPlant trees
oDon’t smoke
oDiscourage hunting
oBuy an old house instead of clearing land for a new one
oMake a compost pile. Have worms eat your organic garbage.
oNever never release balloons into the air. They will probably end up choking the birds or sea animals that eat them.
oMinimize the use of paper towels and paper napkins. Invest in cloth napkins for everyday use,. Use a wiping cloth or towel rather than paper towels for cleansing. And use a plate at times when you would have reached for a paper napkin or paper towel plates can be washed
oLimit single person car us by car-pooling whenever possible – walk, bicycle or use mass transit instead
oEliminate the junk mail that your receive. Write organizations to have your name removed from their lists., If it is a magazine that you can read a the local library, do not have it sent to your home. Write to Mail Preference Service, Direct Marketing Association, 11 West 42nd St, P O Box 3861, New York, NY-3861 – they will stop your name from being sold to large mailing list companies, reducing your junk mail up to 75%.
oChoose foods that are lower on the food chain, such as grains and vegetables – they are much better for your health, and are less destructive to the environmental than the burgers that you pick up at fast food chains.
oBecome involved,. Check into what organizations are environmentally-minded, then commit yourself to obtaining information and taking action by spreading the word among your families, friends and co-workers
oShop for products that have as little packaging as possible., Buy the largest size package or a concentrate at the store and then at home, mix or refill in another containers
oBuy products that use recycled materials in their manufacturing or packaging
oNever use cleaners that contain chlorine bleach (ion most of the ones in your cupboards!) Not only is the bleach not good for you, it also washes right on down your drains and proceeds to contaminate the water supply and anything that drinks from it. Use home-made household cleansers including non-chlorine bleach, vinegar and baking soda.
oPatronize shops that are environmentally minded. Shop at a second hand stores, garage sales, and thrift stores instead of the mall.
oEvaluate the amount of stuff that you need to live with. If you get new stuff, give away a like amount of old stuff.
oNever every buy or use general Electric products. In addition to making your light bulbs and appliances, they also generate nuclear weaponry that has already claimed thousands of lives and devastated the environment through its production and secretive testing.
oLimit the purchase of all appliances, especially those containing cfcs. Take caution when disposing of CFC containing appliances, and when getting your car’s air condition check, as these gases escape into the atmosphere and are depleting the ozone layer.
oUse a low phosphate or phosphate free detergent, And use a little less detergent as manufacturer always recommend more detergent than necessary
oReuse lumber for construction
oCheck your car’s tire pressure at least every other time the gas tank is filled, and maintain the recommended pressure.
oMore than 200 million tires are discarded each year, usually due to improper maintenance.
oStop illuminating the entire building. Turn all off unnecessary lighting except in your immediate space.
oPerform a toxic cleansers and household hazardous wastes audit in your home
oBefore you toss the holders from 6 packs of beverages, snip each circle with a pair of scissors. They are sure killer of garbage sump cats and marine animals as they get the rings caught around their neck.
oAsk the local utility company to do an energy audit and provide suggestions on ways to conserve energy in your home and workplace.
oDo not waste water by running the faucet unnecessarily.
oDo not leave the television on unless a program is being watched.
oSpread the word at fast-food restaurant by commenting to managers about good/bad environmental habits., Let personnel know that you appreciate environmentally conscientious franchisees.
oUse rechargeable (Nickel-cadmium) batteries they are more expensive that carbon-zinc batteries, but are a better value because they last longer, thus contributing t little less to our hazardous waste problems.
oJoin an environmental organisations such as Nature Conservancy, Audubon Society, World Wildlife Fund, National Wildlife Federation, Sierra Club.
oIf you are a Christian get involved with your church’s environmental movement. If you are Presbyterian, contact Presbyterians for Restoring creation.
oRecruit at least one other persons to join your environmental efforts- and encourage them to do the same.

If we do our job right, we can regenerate our environment and halt global warming.

The coal industry spans across the Philippines’ landmass particularly in Northern Region, so has a big impact on all environmental concerns in the country. The practices of coal fired power plants and coal mining companies can either have a positive impact on our economy or can have a detrimental impact on our natural environment.

Its adverse effects to our environment

Coal industry particularly coal burning greatly contributes to what they call environmental phenomenon global warming. This global warming involves greenhouse effect process by which radiative energy leaving a planetary surface is absorbed by greenhouse gases thus warming the earth’s surface. The reason why coal burning contributes to global warming is that coal emits greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and others. In some regions where coal burning is abundant, it has caused acid rains which contaminate vegetation soil and groundwater supply.

Aside from harmful emissions of coal burning, coal mining applications ruin forests and local wildlife. Just take for example in the Cordillera Philippines, where coal mining activity is mostly done in this region, the Cordillera forest that used to be watershed protecting the Northern Luzon has been ruined by mining applications. Based on DENR-CAR (Department of Environment and Natural Resources- Cordillera Administrative Region) data the region’s forest cover is now critically below 40% of the total land area of 1.8 million hectares. The ideal forest cover should be 40% or higher of the land area. Moreover, according to elders in that region, reforestation is even useless to save the watershed areas since these were now all replaced by mining applications.

As with many industries there were some historical practices that we now look back on and find it hard to believe that people thought they were doing the right thing. For example, the clearing of large parts of native vegetation in Cordillera lead to some severe examples of environment degradation. The government actually permitted foreign investors to put up mining applications and coal fired power plants without considering its adverse effects to our environment with the belief of leading the country to energy sustainability. Of course this didn’t turn out the way they thought it to be and if coal industry had continued this way it would ultimately risk the environmental and economic sustainability of the entire country. The Filipino community has suffered already and this should not add to their burdens anymore.

What is the sustainable way of generating energy?

Environmental sustainability for the energy industry means that the demand for energy has been met without risking our natural environment and balance of nature is maintained. The revolutionary biosphere technology answers both concerns while helping clean up our environment. It is a waste to energy system wherein it can destroy and convert waste materials into marketable end products like green energy. The technology uses gasification process thus significantly eliminates wastes without harming our environment. It has passed all U.S. and European atmospheric emissions standards including the latest EPA regulations.

Hopefully this technology will soon replace all thefired power plants in the country to significantly improve the condition of the Philippine environment.

Well it’s fall and there is a lot of fishing left until the snow falls. A friend and I decided to go to our local lake, Caesar Creek in Ohio, just to see what we could catch. We started the day of fishing a little before day light with a little breeze giving us just a little chop on the water.Now everyone has their preference on fishing gear; I like to have three rods, two spin cast and a bait caster for trolling. I like using braid fishing line at least 4 lb diameter and not more than six lb diameter. My spin cast reels are at least 7 bearing, I like the smooth action. The rods are 6 1/2 to 7 feet one peace rods medium heavy. We were fishing in my friend’s boat. He carries about 5 rods each being 7 feet medium action. He likes to use Yozuri Hybrid fishing line and uses braided line only when we are trolling.

The plan was to started the day with Kentucky rigs with two to three hooks and baited with minnows on one rod and used a silver 2 1/2 inch spoon jigging on the other. At first we started catching a little of every species like Perch, Bluegill, Saugeye, White Bass and even one 4 pound carp. Buy 9:00 a.m. we had caught 40 fish, then we started worm rig trolling hoping to catch more Saugeye. Trolling we continued to catch another 20 fish again several different species including White Bass, Perch and Bluegill.

After some observation we noticed White Bass rolling on the surface feeding on minnows we changed are technique and started casting with a 2″ silver spoon. Reeling in fast keeping the spoon on the surface we started catching White Bass after White Bass no large ones but a lot of fun. Buy the end of the day, a long day about 12 hours on the water, the total fish we caught was 167 fish our record on this lake. Another interest note is out of 167 fish caught we did not catch one Crappie and we always catch Crappie in this lake. Each fishing trip is always unique.

Here we will explain the basics of wreck fishing

What is wreck fishing? Wreck fishing is when you fish over sunken wrecks. The wrecks can be anything from boats to submarines that lay at depths from 70 to 300 feet on the seas bottom. The wrecks can be from the first / second world war or general lost at see boats. There size varies from 20 feet to over 250 feet long

Wrecks can be anything from just a mile offshore to 35 / 40 miles offshore, which can mean that it will take several hours steaming to get to the chosen wrecks

There are two ways of fishing wreck – ever by drifting over the wreck with the tide or at anchor. The style depends on the tides and depth that the wreck is at . The skipper will always let you now what type he will be fishing on booking of the boat

How do charter boat skippers know were these wrecks are? Well it can be a case of the skipper literally spends many years of trial and error to find them. Or there are lots of books that will list likely wrecking marks

Skippers also use the latest electronics to help them. If you ever look in side a boats cabin you will see an array of fish finders and GPS navigation aid

What type of fish will I catch?

The idea of wreck fishing is to go after the lager fish that hold up on the wrecks. Fish are drawn to wrecks because they offers a reef / rocky out crop like environments

This means that fish can hold up in the wrecks as they offer shelter from the tides and a source of food

Fish that are generally target when wreck fishing are

Pollock
Bass
Conger
Ling
Cod

Fish sizes vary but you can catch fish from just a few pounds in weight and up to over 100lb (conger)

Wreck fishing tackle

Quick tip – get proper wrecking booms of about 10 – 15 inches long as they keep the flowing trace away from your mainline

Pirks – These are lead made lures with a treble hook at the bottom of the pirk . You can use them in conjunction with muppets

Pirks – are worked by jigging them ( lifting the rod up and down )

Shads – Fish shaped lures that are worked by reeling in

Worms – Worm shaped lures that are worked by reeling in

Grubs – Often over looked but can be kill lures and are worked by reeling in

Quick tips

Vary the speed that you that you retrieve your lures and remember that the speed of the tide also effects the action of the lure

On the drop down keep you finger on you spool so that you control the speed of the decent. If you do not you will only end up with a birds nest (tangle)

When you are working your lures count how many turns up you get your fish. This will save time if they are being taken say 40 turns up as you can quickly go to that depth

Have a good supply of rigs made up as if you loose your rig on a wreck it can be quickly replaced ready for the next drift

Rods You will need a stand up boat rod such as a Penn Ugly stick with rods being 20lb test curve as begin the lighter work through to 50lb for the big conger and ling

Reels

The reels you will need to be using are multipliers. The reason for this is because they can handle the weight of bringing up fish from such depth. Also they carry a lot more line

Line There are two choices what type of line to use

Monofilament line This is the standard fishing line , which as the benefits of being able to stretch a little bit . As for your line strength this can vary from 20 to 50lb and more so if in doubt just ask your skipper for advice but as a guideline 25lb will handle most wrecking situations.

The down side to monofilament line is that of the diameter of the line which will get caught in the tidal flow causing the line to bow and will result is you having to use a heaver lead weight

If you are new to wrecking monofilament line is the best to go for

Braid fishing line

This is a very low diameter fishing line which gives you a much great contact with what is going on . Because of it lower diameter you will be able to use less weight to fish , which is a great bounce when pull fish from depths of a hundred feet or so

WARNING- Never use your hands to hold your line if it gets stuck on a wreck a you could loose your fingers. Let out plenty of line then rape your line round a piece of wood etc and then pull your line free. Skippers will always help you and have the correct piece of kit to get you free, if in doubt ask for help from the skipper

Lures

Lures are made from plastics and are design for their action in the water. Coming an a Variety of colours and even luminous (glow in low light conditions0

As the majority of fish you will be targeting when wreck fishing are predatory fish (fish that hunt and eat other fish) the most come form of fishing are with lures

The most common three are shads / grubs / pirks and worms

All of these are fished on a the rig below with the flowing trace of anything from 6 to 15 to 20 foot long (remember the skipper will help on best lengths).

THE WELL-GUARDED SKY

In the Qur’an, Allah calls our attention to a very important attribute of the sky:
We made the sky a preserved and protected roof yet still they turn away from Our signs. (Qur’an, 21:32)

This attribute of the sky has been proved by scientific research carried out in the 20th century: The atmosphere surrounding the Earth serves crucial functions for the continuity of life. While destroying many meteors-big and small-as they approach the Earth, it prevents them from falling to Earth and harming living things.

In addition, the atmosphere filters the light rays coming from space that are harmful to living things. The most striking feature of this function of the atmosphere is that it lets only harmless and useful rays-visible light, near ultraviolet light and radio waves pass through. All of this radiation is vital for life. Near ultraviolet rays, which are only partially let in by the atmosphere, are very important for the photosynthesis of plants and for the survival of all living things. The majority of the intense ultraviolet rays emitted from the Sun are filtered out by the ozone layer of the atmosphere. Only a limited and essential part of the ultraviolet spectrum reaches the Earth.

The protective function of the atmosphere does not end here. The atmosphere also protects the Earth from the freezing cold of the space, which is approximately -2700C (-4540F).

It is not only the atmosphere that protects the Earth from harmful effects. In addition to the atmosphere, the Van Allen Belt-the layer caused by the magnetic field of the Earth-also serves as a shield against the harmful radiation that threatens our planet. This radiation, which is constantly emitted by the Sun and other stars, is deadly to living things. If the Van Allen belt did not exist, the massive outbursts of energy called solar flares that frequently occur in the Sun would destroy all life on Earth.

On the importance of the Van Allen Belt, Dr. Hugh Ross says:

In fact, the Earth has the highest density of any of the planets in our Solar System. This large nickel-iron core is responsible for our large magnetic field. This magnetic field produces the Van-Allen radiation shield, which protects the Earth from radiation bombardment. If this shield were not present, life would not be possible on the Earth. The only other rocky planet to have any magnetic field is Mercury-but its field strength is 100 times less than the Earth’s. Even Venus, our sister planet, has no magnetic field. The Van-Allen radiation shield is a design unique to the Earth. (“The Incredible Design of the Earth and Our Solar System;”)

The energy transmitted in just one of these bursts detected in recent years was calculated to be equivalent to 100 billion atomic bombs, each akin to one dropped on Hiroshima at the end of World War II. Fifty-eight hours after the burst, it was observed that the magnetic needles of compasses displayed unusual movement and 250 kilometers (155 miles) above the Earth’s atmosphere, the temperature suddenly increased to 2,5000C (4,5320F).

In short, a perfect system is at work high above the Earth. It surrounds our world and protects it against external threats. Centuries ago, Allah informed us in the Qur’an of the world’s atmosphere functioning as a protective shield.

THE SKY MADE A DOME

It is He Who made the Earth a couch for you, and the sky a dome. He sends down water from the sky and by it brings forth fruits for your provision. Do not, then, knowingly make others equal to Allah. (Qur’an, 2:22)

Here, the sky is described as “al-samaa’ binaa’.” As well as the meaning of “dome” or “ceiling,” this also describes a kind of tent-like covering used by the Bedouin. (“The Quran and Modern Physics;”) By describing the sky as a tent-like structure, the Qur’an is emphasizing that it is a form of protection against external elements.

Even if we are generally unaware of it, a large number of meteors fall to the Earth, as they do to the other planets. The reason why these make enormous craters on other planets but do no harm on Earth is that the atmosphere puts up considerable resistance to a falling meteor. The meteor is unable to withstand this for long and loses much of its mass from combustion due to friction. This danger, which might otherwise cause terrible disasters, is thus prevented thanks to the atmosphere. As well as the verses regarding the protective properties of the atmosphere cited above, attention is also drawn to the special creation in the following verse:

Don’t you see that Allah has made everything on the Earth subservient to you and the ships running upon the sea by His command? He holds back the heaven, preventing it from falling to the Earth-except by His permission. Allah is All-Compassionate to humanity, Most Merciful. (Qur’an, 22:65)

The protective property of the atmosphere we discussed in the preceding section protects the Earth from space-in other words, from external elements. With the word “dome,” referring to the sky in the above verse, attention is drawn to this aspect of the sky, which could not possibly have been known at the time of our Prophet (saas). The fact that this information was imparted 1,400 years ago in the Qur’an, when there were no spacecraft or giant telescopes, shows that the Qur’an is the revelation of our Lord, the Omniscient.

THE SKY THAT RETURNS

The verse 11 of Surat at-Tariq in the Qur’an, refers to the “returning” function of the sky.

[I swear] by heaven which returns. (Qur’an, 86:11)

The word “raj`” interpreted as “return” in Qur’an translations has meanings of “sending back” or “returning.” As is known, the atmosphere surrounding the Earth consists of many layers. Each layer serves an important purpose for the benefit of life on Earth. Research has revealed that these layers have the function of turning the materials or rays they are exposed to back into space or back down to the Earth. Now let us examine, employing a few fitting examples, this “returning” function of the layers encircling the Earth.

The troposphere, 13 to 15 kilometers (8 to 9.3 miles) above the Earth, enables water vapour rising from the surface of the Earth to be condensed and turned back as rain. The ozone layer, the lower layer of stratosphere at an altitude of 25 kilometers (15.5 miles), reflects harmful radiation and ultraviolet light coming from space and turns both back into space.

The ionosphere reflects radio waves broadcast from the Earth back down to different parts of the world just like a passive communications satellite. Thus, it makes wireless communication, radio, and television broadcasting possible over long distances. The magnetosphere layer turns the harmful radioactive particles emitted by the Sun and other stars back into space before they reach the Earth.

The fact that this property of the atmosphere’s layers, that was only demonstrated in the recent past was announced centuries ago in the Qur’an, once again confirms that the Qur’an is Allah’s word.